A long awaited update!

I haven't added any Japanese stuff in here for a long time, I actually forgot about this page. However, I've decided that it was time to go back through my Rosetta Stone notes and post up some translations for anyone who wanted some help. I'm getting better and better at Japanese, but I figure I might as well keep this page around for anyone who wanted to use it. It's certainly helped me memorize some vocabulary over time, so by all means...enjoy! I'll start things off right where I ended with my last translations post.

Unit 2, Lesson 6

Onnanohito wa hashitte imasu – The woman is running
Onnanohito wa hashitte imasen – The woman is not running
Kono otokonohito wa kaminoke ga arimasu – This man has hair
Kono otokonohito wa kaminoke ga arimasen – This man does not have hair

Onnanoko wa nonde imasu – The girl is drinking
Onnanoko wa nonde imasen – The girl is not drinking
Kono otokonohito wa herumetto o kabutte imasu – This man is wearing a helmet
Kono otokonohito wa herumetto o kabutte imasen – This man is not wearing a helmet

Kono onnanohito wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasu – This woman is wearing a white hat
Kono onnanohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasu – This woman is wearing a black hat
Otokonohito wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasu – The man is wearing a white hat
Otokonoko wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasu – The boy is wearing a black hat

Kono onnanohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasen. Shiroi booshi o kabutte imasu – This woman is not wearing a black hat. She is wearing a white hat.
Kono onnanohito wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasen. Kuroi booshi o kabutte imasu. – This woman is not wearing a white hat. She is wearing a black hat.
Otokonohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasen. Shiroi booshi o kabutte imasu. – This man is not wearing a black hat. He is wearing a white hat.
Otokonoko wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasen. Kuroi booshi o kabutte imasu. – This boy is not wearing a white hat. He is wearing a black hat.

Kono onnanohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasen – This woman is not wearing a black hat
Kono onnanohito wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasen – This woman is not wearing a white hat
Otokonohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasen – The man is not wearing a black hat.
Wakai otokonohito wa shiroi booshi o kabutte imasen – The young man is not wearing a black hat.

Kono hikooki wa tonde imasu – This plane is flying
Kono hikooki wa tonde imasen – This plane is not flying
Otokonoko tachi wa tobikonde imasu – The boys are jumping in
Otokonoko tachi wa tobikonde imasen – The boys are not jumping in.

Kono otokonoko wa oyoide imasen. Hikooki no naka ni suwatte imasu. – This boy is not swimming. He is sitting inside a plane.
Kono otokonoko wa hikooki no naka ni suwatte imasen. Oyoide imasu – This boy is not sitting inside a plane. He is swimming.
Kono onnanohito wa aruite imasen. Uma ni notte imasu – This woman is not walking. She is riding a horse.
Kono onnanohito wa uma ni notte imasen. Aruite imasu – This woman is not riding a horse. She is walking
Kono otokonoko wa oyoide imasen – This boy is not swimming.
Kono otokonoko wa hikooki no naka ni suwatte imasen – This boy is not sitting in a plane.
Kono onnanohito wa aruite imasen – This woman is not walking.
Kono onnanohito wa uma ni notte imasen – This woman is not riding a horse.

Onnanohito wa denwa o tsukatte imasu – The woman is talking on the phone
Onnanoko wa denwa o tsukatte imasu – The girl is talking on the phone
Onnanohito wa yubisashite imasu – The woman is pointing
Onnanohito wa denwa o tsukatte mo inaishi, yubisashite mo imasen - The woman is not talking on the phone, also she is not pointing. (forgot to fill this in somehow...see notes below for more information though)

Onnanohito wa denwa o tsukatte imasen – The woman is not talking on the phone
Onnanohito wa yubisashite imasen – The woman is not pointing
Otokonohito wa jitensha ni notte imasu – The man is riding a bicycle
Otokonohito wa jitensha ni notte imasen – The man is not riding a bicycle.

Notes: When writing in Hiragana, it can be very confusing right at first to see the letter "tsu" in many written forms, as the letter can sometimes appear smaller than usual. This is very difficult to show in Blogspot as I don't have pictures of all the letters handy on short notice, however a small "tsu" character simply stands in for simply the "t" sound. So, "tsukatte" would look something like this in the hiragana form:

Note, the latters are "tsu" "ka" "t" "te" in this form...the "t" is the smaller "tsu" I was talking about. Please excuse my poor penmenship, I'm still working on that part...

EDIT: I should also note that the symbol for "t" also works for "k" and appears exactly the same. So it would appear in the word "torakku" (Truck) with the same symbol. The same is true of "p" as a lone letter.

Another note from above, regarding the sentence "Onnanohito wa denwa o tsukatte mo inaishi, yubisashite mo imasen". Rosetta Stone connects the words a bit strangely in that sentence as far as the Romaji writing is concerned, which made it a bit hard to read at first. First, the command form (-te form) of the verb + "inai" (imasen) = not doing.

The sentence makes a bit more sense in romaji if you split up the words a bit: "denwa o tsukatte mo inai shi, yubi sashite mo imasen." "mo" is similar to "also" in most cases.

"Shi" can be used in a number of ways...you may have seen "kara" or "desu kara" meaning "because" in other lessons. "Shi" can be used instead of "kara" if there are several reasons for something. I'll give the humorous example my friend gave me to explain this whole thing to me originally ;)

"Kanojyou wa sei mo takai shi oppai mo dekai desu kara kanojyou to chome chome shitai desu."

"She's tall and has big tits, so I'd like to bump uglies with her" (basically ;) )

Moving right along, Unit 2, Lesson 7

Otokonohito to onnanohito wa odotte imasu - The man and woman are dancing
Otokonohito tachi to onnanohito tachi wa odotte imasu - The men and women are dancing.
Otokonohito tachi wa odotte imasu - The man are dancing
Onnanohito tachi wa odotte imasu - The woman are dancing

Otokonohito wa jitensha ni suwatte ite, otokonoko wa saku ni suwatte imasu - The man is sitting on a bike, but the boy is sitting on a fence.
Otokonohito to otokonoko wa jitensha ni suwatte imasu ga, jitensha o koide imasen -
Otokonohito to otokonoko wa jitensha ni notte imasu - The man and boy are riding a bicycle.
Otokonohito to onnanohito wa jitensha ni notte imasu - The man and woman are riding bicycles. (Ha ha, plurals again! I guess you could just say "a bicycle" but it's easier for me to write it this way since they are on separate bikes. Could also say they are each riding a bicycle)

Otokonoko wa jimen ni suwatte imasu - The boy is sitting on the ground (jimen = ground)
Otokonoko to onnanoko wa jimen ni suwatte imasu - The boy and girl are sitting on the ground
Otokonoko wa jimen no ue ni yoko ni natte imasu - The boy is horizontal on the ground (Note, yoko was kind of a pain in this sentence, and one that can be confusing. The literal definition is "the side" or "the flank", but it can also be taken to mean "horizontal" depending on the use.)
Onnanohito wa jimen no ue ni yoko ni natte imasu - The woman is horizontal on the ground (Another note, remember "ue" from before can be used to determine where she is in relation to the ground...in this case, clearly above.)

Onnanoko tachi to otokonoko wa hashitte imasu - The girls and boy are running.
Onnanoko tachi wa teeburu no ue ni tatte ite, otokonoko tachi wa jimen no ue ni tatte imasu - The girls are standing on the table but the boys are standing on the ground. (Having fun yet? That "tatte" in there pissed me off originally too ;) Tatte = Standing)
Otokonoko tachi to onnanoko tachi wa teeburu no ue ni tatte imasu - Both the boys and girls are on the table.
Otokonoko to hitori no onnanoko wa jimen no ue ni ite, moo hitori no onnanoko wa teeburu no ue ni tatte imasu - The boy and one girl are both on the ground, but one girl is on the table.

Onnanohito to inu wa aruite imasu - The woman and dog are walking.
Otokonohito to onnanohito wa suwatte imasu - The man and woman are sitting.
Otokonohito to onnanohito wa aruite imasu - The man and woman are walking.
Otokonohito to kodomo tachi wa aruite imasu - The man and children are walking. (note, remember "kodomo" refers to a child regardless of their sex, and can be used for boys and girls. The shortened version of "ko" also works, and it's applied to both "otokonoko" and "onnanoko" to mark them as children. "Hito" means person regardless of sex, and signifies the adult rather than the child. You've all picked this up by now, I'm sure, but maybe someone's forgotten ;) )

Otokonohito to otokonoko wa hikooki no naka ni imasu - The man and boy are sitting inside the plane.
Onnanohito wa aruite ite, otokonohito wa jitensha ni notte imasu - The woman is walking, and the man is riding a bicycle.
Otokonoko tachi to onnanoko tachi wa teeburu kara tobiorite imasu - The boys and girls are jumping off of the table. (Note, there's the "kara" I mentioned above, but it would not mean "because in this sentence, obviously. How the word appears matters a whole lot in Japanese.)
Otokonoko tachi to onnanoko tachi wa teeburu no ue ni tatte imasu - The boys and girls are on top of the table.

Booru ga onnanohito to otokonoko no atama no ui ni arimasu - There is a ball on the head of the boy and the woman (atama = head)
Booru ga otokonohito to otokonoko no atama no ue ni arimasu - There is a ball on the head of the man and the boy.
Onnanohito to otokonoko wa isu ni suwatte imasu - The woman and the boy are sitting on a chair (chairs) (isu = chair)
Otokonohito to otokonoko wa suwatte imasu - The man and boy are sitting.

Otokonohito tachi to onnanohito wa kuruma no naka ni suwatte imasu - The men and woman are sitting in a car.
Otokonohito to onnanohito wa kuruma no naka ni suwatte imasu - The man and woman are sitting in a car
Otokonohito to onnanoko to akachan wa torakutaa ni suwatte imasu - The man, girl, and baby are sitting on the tractor. (akachan = baby, torakutaa = tractor...another borrowed word)
Otokonohito to otokonoko wa torakutaa ni suwatte imasu - The man and boy are sitting on the tractor. (Note, it's very easy here to look at the picture in Rosetta Stone and accidently say "sitting in" instead of "sitting on", remember to look for the words "no naka" before you try to translate it)

Otokonohito tachi to onnanohito tachi wa tatte imasu - The men and women are standing.
Onnanohito tachi wa tatte ite, otokonohito tachi wa suwatte imasu - The women are standing, but the men are sitting.
Onnanohito tachi to hitori no otokonohito wa tatte ite, moo hitori no otokonohito wa suwatte imasu - The woman and one man are standing, but one man is sitting.
Otokonohito tachi to hitori no onnanohito wa suwatte ite, moo hitori no onnanohito wa tatte imasu - The man and one woman are sitting, but one woman is standing.

Otokonohito to onnanohito wa hee no ue ni tatte imasu - The man and woman are standing on the wall (NOTE: Rosetta Stone spells wall has "hee", but in hiragana it is actually written as "hei". This can make it rather confusing, but it clears up if you look at the hiragana text instead of the romaji. There was a similar word, "oushi" in Unit 1 that is usually spelled just "ushi" (Cow), so this is not the only time this happens.)
Otokonohito to onnanohito tachi wa hee no mae ni tatte imasu - The man and women are standing in front of the wall (mae = front)
Onnanohito tachi wa hee no ue ni tatte imasu - The women are standing on the wall
Onnanohito tachi wa hee no mae ni tatte imasu - The women are standing in front of the wall

Notes: This lesson in particular brought in a lot of vocabulary, but it was very confusing to me until I learned to read the hiragana script when I couldn't figure out a word. One of the few flaws in Rosetta Stone is that it does not always explain the difference between the feminine and masculine, and there is a very distinct difference in Japanese. In the version I have, there is no way to have the program teach only the masculine and neutral words, and ignore the feminine (or vice-versa), so it can get very confusing. My example above of "oushi" vs. "ushi" sticks out as an example, when I asked my friend what "oushi" meant, he had no idea. Simply removing the O made it much clearer to him.

I said this in my notes for lesson 6, but if anyone wants to figure out the Hiragana script, see my previous blog "Nihongo". There is a picture linked onto the bottom of the post that has a full listing of the hiragana, katakana, and romaji scripts from the book Minna no Nihongo I, which is a brilliant resource for learning how to read those scripts. I highly recommend a copy, part of my studies involved going page-by-page and translating the symbols into Romaji script, half for pronounciation, and half for memorization.

Nihongo

General Features of Japanese

Parts of Speech:

The Japanese language is comprised of verbs, adjectives, nouns, adverbs, conjunctions, and particles.

Word Order:

A predicate always comes at the end of a sentence. A modifier always comes before the word or phrase to be modified.

Predicate:

There are three types of predicates in Japanese: noun, verb, and adjective. A predicate inflects according to whether it is (1) affirmative or negative, and (2) non-past or past.

Adjectives are divided into two types according to their type of inflection. They are called "i"-adjectives and "na" adjectives. (There are symbols for both of these that I'll post in a bit)

In Japanese, words do not inflect for person, gender, or number.

Particle:

A particle is used to show the grammatical relation between words, to show the speaker's intention or to connect sentences.

Omission:

Words or phrases are often omitted if they are understood from the context. Even the subject and object of a sentence are often omitted.

Japanese Script

There are three knds of letters in Japanese: hiragana, katakana, and kanji (Chinese characters). Hiragana and katakana are phonetic representations of sounds, and each letter basically corresponds to one mora (a unit of sound, see picture post in a sec). Kanji convey meanings as well as sounds.

In Japanese script, all three types of letters are used together. Katakana are used to write foreign names and loan words. 1945 kanji letters are fixed as essential for daily use. Hiragana are used to write particles, the inflectable parts of words, etc. Other than these three types of letters, romaji (Roman letters) are sometimes used for the convenience of foreigners. You may see romaji at stations and on sign-boards.

"Romaji" more or less describes all the words in my previous posts, basically a Romanized phonetic spelling of the individual word(s), for instance "watashi wa" or whatever.

Kana and Mora (Click on picture for full view, it is a chart of Hiragana, Katakana, and Romaji all marked out by pronounciation. This is one of the single most useful things you will ever find, so try to learn as much as you can.)



I'll add more later.

Update

Wanted to just update this quickly so anyone who comes here knows that I have more updates on the way. I've stopped doing new lessons to go back and memorize everything perfectly, and will continue more lessons when I'm more comfortable.

Also, with my grandfather's death this week, my mind's a bit..no...worky...good. So, I'll be sandbagging it for a few days until I screw my head on straight again.

Unit 2, Lessons 3-5

Unit 2, Lesson 3

ookina - Big. issho = one/same place OR together/meeting/company. motte = (1) with/by, (2) by means of/because/in view of. doogu = ???. Chiisana = Little.
ookina kuruma - big car
ookina sakana to issho no otokonohito - Man and a big fish together
ookina booshi o kabutte iru otokonohito - Big hat on a man's head
ookina doogu o motte iru otokonohito -

chiisana kuruma - Little car
chiisana uma - little horse
chiisana tento - little tent
ookina booru to chiisana booru - Big ball and little ball

suuji = digit/numerical character.
ookina suuji no ni - Big number 2
chiisana suuji no ni - Small number 2
ookina suuji no ichi - Big number 1
chiisana suuji no ichi - small number 1

kasa = umbrella.
ookina uma - big horse
chiisana uma - small horse
ookina kasa - big umbrella
chiisana kasa - small umbrella

chiisana doobutsu - small animal
ookina doobutsu - big animal
chiisana hito - small person
ookina hito - big person

fune = boat/ship.
ookina hako - big box
ookina fune - big boat/ship
chiisana hako - small box
chiisana fune - small boat/ship

ookina terebi - big television (TV)
ookina torakku - big truck
chiisana booshi - small hat
ookina booshi - big hat

ookina sofaa - big couch/sofa
chiisana sofaa - small couch/sofa
chiisana kuruma - small car
ookina kuruma - big car

sharin = wheel.
ookina booru - big ball
ookina sharin to chiisana sharin - Big wheel and small wheel
ookina sharin - big wheel
chiisana booru - small ball

ookina shiroi sharin - Big white wheel
ookina kuroi sharin - big black wheel
ookina aoi sharin - big blue wheel
ookina sharin to chiisana sharin - Big wheel and small wheel

Unit 2, Lesson 4

en = circle. seehookee = square.
ookina en - big circle
chiisana en - small circle
ookina seehookee - big square
chiisana seehookee - small square

ookii means the same as ookina. yorimo = "than".
akai en wa aoi en yorimo ookii desu - the red circle is bigger than the blue circle
aoi en wa akai en yorimo ookii desu - the blue circle is bigger than the red circle
seehookee wa en yorimo ookii desu - the square is bigger than the circle
en wa seehooki yorimo ookii desu - the circle is bigger than the square

aoi en wa akai en yorimo chiisai desu - the blue circle is smaller than the red circle
akai en wa aoi en yorimo chiisai desu - the red circle is smaller than the blue circle
en wa seehookee yorimo chiisai desu - the circle is smaller than the square
seehookee wa en yorimo chiisai desu - the square is smaller than the circle

ichiban = (n-adv) (1) best / first / number one / (2) a game / a round / a bout / a fall / an event (in a meet)
ichiban ookina en wa akai desu - The first big circle is red
ichiban ookina en wa aoi desu - The first big circle is blue
ichiban ookina en wa kiiroi desu - The first big circle is yellow
ichiban ookina en wa kuroi desu - The first big circle is black

ichiban chiisana seehookee wa akai desu - The number one small square is red
ichiban chiisana seehookee wa aoi desu - The number one small square is blue
ichiban chiisana seehookee wa kiiroi desu - The number one small square is yellow
ichiban chiisana seehookee wa shiroi desu - The number one small square is white

choohookee = rectangle.
aoi choohookee - blue rectangle
akai choohookee - red rectangle
kiiroi choohookee - yellow rectangle
shiroi choohookee - white rectangle

ookina choohookee - big rectangle
chiisana choohookee - small rectangle
akai en - red circle
midori no en - green circle

nagai choohookee - long rectangle
mijikai choohookee - short rectangle
kami ga nagai onnanohito - Woman with long hair
kami ga mihikai onnanohito - Woman with short hair

midori no choohookee wa kiiroi choohookee yorimo nagai desu - the green rectangle is longer than the yellow rectangle
kiiroi choohookee wa midori no choohookee yorimo nagai desu - the yellow rectangle is longer than the green rectangle
akai en wa akai seehookee yorima ookii desu - the red circle is bigger than the red square
akai seehookee wa akai en yorima ookii desu - the red square is bigger than the red circle

sankakkee - triangle.
kiiroi choohookee wa midori no choohookee yorimo mijikai desu - the yellow rectangle is shorter than the green rectangle
midori no choohookee wa kiiroi choohookee yorimo mijikai desu - the green rectangle is shorter than the yellow rectangle
kiiroi sankakkee wa midori no sankakkee yorimo chiisai desu - the yellow triangle is smaller than the green triangle
midori no sankakkee wa kiiroi sankakkee yorimo chiisai desu - the green triangle is smaller than the yellow triangle

Unit 2, Lesson 5

migite = right hand. hidarite = left hand.
kiiroi booru ga futatsu migite ni arimasu - two yellow balls held in the right hand
kiiroi booru ga hitotsu hidarite ni arimasu - one yellow ball held in the left hand
kiiroi booru ga hitotsu migite ni arimasu - one yellow ball held in the right hand
kiiroi booru ga futatsu hidarite ni arimasu - two yellow balls held in the left hand

koppu = cup. motte = (1) with / by / (2) by means of / because / in view of
koppu wa onnanohito no migite ni arimasu - Woman holding a cup in the right hand
pen wa onnanohito no migite ni arimasu. kami wa onnanohito hidarite ni arimasu. - The woman is holding a pen in her right hand. The woman is holding paper in her left hand.
onnanohito wa hidarite ni booru o futatsu to migite ni booru o futatsu motte imasu - The woman is holding two balls in her left hand with two balls in her right hand.
booru wa onnanohito no migite ni arimasu - The woman is holding the ball in her right hand

Remember "doko"? It means "Where" or "What Place". ni motte = to hold, as far as I can tell.
booru wa doko ni arimasu ka. booru wa hidarite ni arimasu - Where/what place is the ball? The ball is in the left hand.
booru wa doko ni arimasu ka. booru wa migite ni arimasu - Where/what place is the ball? The ball is in the right hand.
booshi wa doko ni arimasu ka. onnanoko ga booshi o migite ni motte imasu - Where is the hat? The girl is holding the hat in her right hand
booshi wa doko ni arimasu ka. onnanoko ga booshi o hidarite ni motte imasu - Where is the hat? The girl is holding the hat in her left hand

juwaki = (telephone) receiver. nanika = (exp) something.
onnanohito wa juwaki o hidarite ni motte imasu - The woman is holding the receiver in her left hand
onnanohito wa juwaki o migite ni motte imasu - the woman is holding the receiver in her right hand.
onnanoko wa nanika o migite ni motte imasu - The girl is holding something in her right hand
onnanoko wa nanika o hidarite ni motte imasu - The girl is holding something in her left hand

hitori no onnanohito ga yubisashite imasu. kanojo wa migite de yubisashite imasu. - The woman is pointing. She is pointing with her right hand
hitori no onnanohito ga yubisashite imasu. kanojo wa hidarite de yubisashite imasu - the woman is pointing. she is pointing with her left hand
onnanohito wa dochira mo yubisashite imasu. hitori wa migite de, moo hitori wa hidarite de yubisashite imasu - Two women are pointing. One is pointing with her right hand, one is pointing with her left hand.
onnanohito wa dochira mo yubisashite imasen - The two women are not pointing

maiku = microphone. utatte = to sing. gitaa = guitar.
maiku wa utatte iru hito no migite ni arimasu - The person singing is holding the microphone in their right hand.
maiku wa utatte iru hito no kidarite ni arimasu - The person singing is holding the microphonoe in their left hand.
otokonohito wa gitaa o migite to hidarite ni hitotsuzutsu motte imasu -
otokonohito wa gitaa o hiite imasu -

kinshi = prohibited. sasetsu = turning to the left. usetsu = turning to the right. chuusha = parking. yuutaan = U-Turn.
sasetsukinshi - Left turn prohibited
usetsukinshi - Right turn prohibited
chuushakinshi - Parking prohibited
yuutaankinshi - U-Turn prohibited

kono = this. tokee = clock/watch (I think this is also "tokei"). marui = (adj) round / circular / spherical. mado = window.
kono tokee wa marui desu - This clock is round
kono tokee wa seehookee desu - This clock is a square
kono mado wa seehookee desu - This window is a square
kono mado wa marui desu - This window is round

kono hyooshiki wa choohookee desu - this sign is a rectangle
kono hyooshiki wa marui desu - this sign is round
kono hyooshiki seehookee desu - this sign is a square
kono hyooshiki wa choohookee deno, maru demo, seehookee demo arimasen - this sign is not a rectangle, or round, or a square.

chuui = caution / being careful / attention (heed) / warning / advice
kangaruu ni chuui - Caution for kangaroos
ushi ni chuui - Caution for cows
hokoosha ni chuui - Caution for people
shika ni chuui - Caution for deer

Unit 2, Lessons 1 and 2

Time to begin!

Unit 2, Lesson 1

nagete = throw
otokonoko wa booru o nagete imasu - The boy is throwing the ball
onnanohito wa booru o nagete imasu - The woman is throwing the ball
otokonohito wa booru o nagete imasu - The man is throwing the ball
otokonohito wa otokonoko o nagete imasu - The man is throwing the boy (Fun mental picture...)

uketomete = catch. kumade = broom
onnanohito wa kiiroi booru o uketomete imasu - The woman is catching the yellow ball
otokonohito wa booru o nagete imasu - The man is throwing the ball
onnanohito wa shiroi booru o uketomete imasu - The woman is catching the white ball
otokonoko wa kumade o uketomete imasu - The boy is catching the broom

"fuku" has a lot of meanings in my dictionary, but the one that seems to fit most is "clothes/clothing". kette = kicking
otokonoko wa booru o nagete imasu - The boy is throwing the ball
otokonoko wa booru o uketomete imasu - The boy is catching the ball
shiroi fuku no otokonoko ga booru o kette imasu -
akai fuku no otokonoko ga booru o kette imasu -

onnanoko wa uma ni notte imasu - The girl is riding on the horse
otokonoko wa jitensha ni notte imasu - The boy is riding on the bicycle
onnanoko wa tobihanete imasu - A girl jumping up and down (I believe "tobihanete" is the same as "tobihaneru" which means to hop/jump up and down)
otokonoko wa hashitte imasu - The boy is running

hohoende = smiling
otokonoko wa hohoende imasu - The boy is smiling
otokonoko wa honde imasu - The boy is drinking
onnanohito wa suwatte imasu - The woman is sitting
onnanohito wa hashitte imasu - The woman is running

yubisashite = pointing (or is it pointing down?). shimbun = newspaper (also spelled shinbun). denwa = telephone. hanashite = speaking/speaker
onnanohito wa hohoende imasu - The woman is smiling
onnanohito wa yubisashite imasu - The woman is pointing (pointing down?)
onnanohito wa shimbun o yonde imasu - The woman is reading a newspaper
onnanohito wa denwa de hanashite imasu - The woman is speaking on a telephone

waratte = laughing (also "waratte iru"). chiisana = small. kaite = either writing or drawing, but I can't figure out which from the picture.
chiisana onnanoko wa waratte imasu - The small girl is laughing
otokonohito wa waratte imasu - The man is laughing
onnanoko wa kaite imasu -
otokonohito wa jitensha ni notte imasu - The man is riding on a bicycle

ushi = cow, "oushi" may be a feminine usage.
otokonoko wa kette imasu - The boy is kicking
oushi wa kette imasu - The cow is kicking
otokonoko wa hohoende imasu - The boy is smiling
oushi wa hashitte imasu - The cow is running

onnanoko wa yoko ni natte imasu -
onnanoko wa hashitte imasu - The girl is running
onnanoko wa waratte imasu - The girl is laughing
onnanoko wa hohoende imasu - The girl is smiling

tori tachi wa tonde imasu - The birds are flying
tori tachi wa oyoide imasu - The birds are swimming
tori tachi wa aruite imasu - The birds are walking
tori wa tonde imasu - The bird is flying

Unit 2, Lesson 2

otokonoko desu - A boy
onnanoko desu - A girl
otokonohito desu - A man
onnanohito desu - A woman

otokonoko wa kodomo desu - A male child
onnanoko wa kodomo desu - A female child
otokonohito wa otona desu - A male adult
onnanohito wa otona desu - A female adult

futari no otona - Two adults
hitori no otona to hitori no kodomo - One adult and one child
futari no kodomo - Two children
sannin no kodomo - Three children

hitori no otona to futari no kodomo - One adult and two children
futari no otona - Two adults
sannin no otona - Three adults
futari no kodomo - Two children

(for the following, I *think* doobutsu means "animal" and hito means "person", but another word "ningen" below appears to mean the same thing?)
inu wa doobutsu desu - The dog is an animal
sakana wa doobutsu desu - The fish is an animal
onnanoko wa hito desu - The girl is a person
onnanohito wa hito desu - The woman is a person

inu wa hito dewa arimasen. inu wa doobutsu desu. - The dog is not a person. The dog is an animal
sakana wa hito dewa arimasen. sakana wa doobutsu desu - The fish is not a person. The fish is an animal
onnanoko wa otona dewa arimasen. onnanoko wa kodomo desu. - The girl is not an adult. The girl is a child.
onnanohito wa kodomo dewa arimasen. onnanohito wa otona desu. - The woman is not a child. The woman is an adult.

hitori no kodomo to ippiki no boobutsu - One child and one animal
futari no otona to hitori no kodomo - Two adults and one child
futari no otona to nihiki no doobutsu - Two adults and two animals
ittoo no doobutsu - One animal

"ningen" is defined as Person/Human Being/Man in my dictionary
hitori no ningen to ippiki no doobutsu - One person/man and one animal
sannin no hito - Three people
futari no hito to nihiki no doobutsu - Two people and two animals
ichiwa no doobutsu - One animal

The following 8 are basically saying things like "this is not so", ie the first one is a picture of a woman, but the word used is "otokonohito (man)". I know it's telling me she's not a man, but I'm not sure on what the wording is supposed to be. Will update when I learn more.
otokonohito dewa nai hito - A person that isn't a man
onnanohito dewa nai hito - A person that isn't a woman
uma dewa nai doobutsu - An animal that isn't a horse
zoo dewa nai doobutsu - An animal that isn't an elephant

kodomo dewa nai hito - A person that isn't a child
otona dewa nai hito - A person that isn't an adult
neko dewa nai doobutsu - An animal that isn't a cat
inu dewa nai doobutsu - An animal that isn't a dog

Update: Evan to the rescue again, here's what he had to say (the above 8 entries now have translations as well thanks to this info :D):

Yeah, hito is like "person" and ningen is like "human being". otokonohito dewa nai hito it just "a person that isn't a man".

Actually, even "otokonohito" and "onnnanohito" are made up of several words, and "otoko no hito" and "onna no hito" are more accurate. otoko means male, onna means female, hito means person. you also know "otokonoko" and "onnanoko", and they're the same. ko means child.

So there you have it.

Unit 1, Lessons 10 and 11

Unit 1, Lesson 10

dare = Who. nani = what?
dare ga hon o yonde imasu ka. onnanohito ga hon o yonde imasu. - Who is reading the book? The woman is reading the book
dare ga odotte imasu ka. otokonohito ga odotte imasu. - Who is dancing? The man is dancing.
dare ga oyoide imasu ka. otokonoko ga oyoide imasu. - Who is swimming? The boy is swimming.
nani ga hashitte imasu ka. uma ga hashitte imasu. - What is running? The horse is running.
dare ga suwatte imasu ka. kodomo ga suwatte imasu. - Who is sitting? The child is sitting.
dare ga tabete imasu ka. otokonohito ga tabete imasu. - Who is eating? The man is eating.
dare ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu ka. onnanoko ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - Who is drinking milk? The girl is drinking milk.
dare ga teeburu no shita ni imasu ka. otokonoko ga teeburu no shita ni imasu. - Who is under the table? The boy is under the table.

nani ga ninjin o tabete imasu ka. uma ga ninjin o tabete imasu. - Who is eating the carrot? The horse is eating the carrot.
dare ga pan o tabete imasu ka. otokonoko ga pan o tabete imasu. - Who is eating the bread? The boy is eating the bread.
nani ga tonde imasu ka. hikooki ga tonde imasu. - What is flying? The plane is flying.
nani ga tonde imasu ka. tori ga tonde imasu. - What is flying? The bird is flying.

onnanohito tachi wa nani o kite imasu ka. aoi shatsu o kite imasu. - What are the women wearing? Blue shirts.
onnanohito tachi wa nani o kite imasu ka. shiroi shatsu o kite imasu - What are the women wearing? White shirts.
kono tabemono wa nan desu ka. ichigo desu. - What food is this? A strawberry.
kono tabemono wa nan desu ka. pan desu. - What food is this? Bread.

doko = where/what place.
otokonoko wa doko ni imasu ka. otokonoko wa teeburu no shita ni imasu. - Where/What place is the boy? The boy is under the table.
otokonoko wa doko ni imasu ka. otokonoko wa teeburu no ue ni imasu. - What/what place is the boy? The boy is on the table.
otokonohito wa doko ni imasu ka. otokonohito wa furui ie no ue ni imasu. - Where/what place is the man? The man is on the old house.
otokonohito wa doko ni imasu ka. otokonohito wa jitensha ni notte imasu. - Where/what place is the man? The man is riding the bicycle.

koko = there/this place.
kono kuruma wa nani iro desu ka. kono kuruma wa akai desu - What color is this car? This car is red.
kono kuruma wa nani iro desu ka. kono kuruma wa kiiroi desu - What color is this car? This car is yellow.
aoi kuruma wa doko ni arimasu ka. koko ni arimasu. - Where is the blue car? There/this place.
shiroi kuruma wa doko ni arimasu ka. koko ni arimasu - Where is the white car? There/this place.

Dono = Which/What.
banana wa doko ni arumasu ka. - Where is the banana?
chiizu wa doko ni arimasu ka - Where is the cheese?
dono uma ga hashitte imasu ka. kono uma ga hashitte imasu - Which horse is running? This horse is running.
dono uma ga tobikoete imasu ka. kono uma ga tobikoete imasu - Which horse is jumping over? This horse is jumping over.

dochira = Which (of two)/who.
dono kuruma ga aoi desu ka - Which car is blue?
dono kuruma ga akai desu ka - Which car is red?
dochira no onnanohito ga aoi shatsu o kite imasu ka. dochira no onnanohito mo aoi shatsu o kite imasu - Which woman is wearing a blue shirt? Both women are wearing blue shirts. (dochira mo is both, "dochira no onnanohito mo" would be "both women")
dochira no kodomo ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu ka. onnanoko ga gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - Which child is drinking milk? The girl is drinking milk.

dare ga kami ga nagai desu ka. otokonohito ga kami ga nagai desu. - Who has long hair? The man has long hair.
otokonoko wa nani o shite imasu ka. oyoide imasu. - What is the boy doing? Swimming
otokonoko wa doko ni imasu ka. otokonoko wa uma ni notte imasu - Where is the boy? The boy is riding a horse.
dochira no kodomo ga pan o tabete imasu ka. otokonoko ga pan o tabete imasu. - Which child is eating bread? The boy is eating bread.

onnanohito to onnanoko wa nani o shite imasu ka. gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - What are the woman and girl doing? Drinking milk.
kodomo tachi wa doko ni imasu ka. booto ni notte imasu. - Where/what place are the children? Riding on the boat.
dochira no otokonohito ga kami ga aoi desu ka. - Which man has blue hair?
dare ga kami ga akai desu ka. - Who has red hair?

Unit 1, Lesson 11

hikooki no ue ni iro otokonoko - a boy on top of a plane
hikooki no shita ni iru otokonoko - a boy under a plane
teeburu no ue ni iro otokonoko - a boy on top of a table
teeburu no shita ni iru otokonoko - a boy under a table

onnanoko tachi wa aruite imasu - The girls are walking
onnanoko tachi wa hashitte imasu - The girls are running
otokonoko wa tonde imasu - The boy is jumping/flying
otokonoko wa aruite imasu - The boy is walking

onnanohito wa kami ga nagai desu - The woman has long hair
otokonohito wa kami ga nagai desu - The man has long hair
onnanohito wa kami ga mijikai desu - The woman has short hair
otokonohito wa kami ga totemo mijikai desu - The man has very/exceedingly short hair

yon, go, roku - 4, 5, 6
go, roku, nana - 5, 6, 7
roku, nana, hachi - 6, 7, 8
ichi, ni, san - 1, 2, 3

uma wa aruite imasu - The horse is walking
nantooka no uma wa aruite imasu - The horses are walking
kuruma wa shiroi desu - The car is white
sorera no kuruma wa shiroi desu - The cars are white

jikoku wa niji desu - The time is 2 (o' clock)
jikoku wa yoji desu - The time is 4
jikoku wa rokuji desu - The time is 6
jikoku wa sanji desu - The time is 3

midori no kuruma wa furui desu ka. hai, midori no kuruma wa furoi desu. - Is the green car old? Yes, the green car is old.
pinku no kuruma wa atarashii desu ka. iie, atarashiku wa arimasen. - Is the pink car new? No, not new.
kuroi kuruma wa furui desu ka. iie, furuku wa arimasen. atarashii desu. - Is the black car old? No, not old. New.
akai kuruma wa furui desu ka. iie, furuku wa arimasen - Is the red car old? No, not old.

kago no naka ni aru banana - Banana inside a basket
fukuro no naka ni aru pan - Bread inside a bag
hako no naka ni aru ringo - Apple inside a box
kago no naka ni aru tomato - Tomato inside a basket

onnanoko tachi wa shiroi shatsu o kite, kuroi sakaato o haite imasu - The girls are wearing white shirts, black skirts.
hitori no onnanoko wa shiroi wampiisu o kite ite, moo hitori no onnanoko wa aka to shiro no wampiisu o kite imasu - One girl is wearing a white dress, and one girl is wearing a red and white dress.
onnanoko tachi wa tampiisu o kite, booshi o kabutte imasu - The girls are wearing dresses, hats.
onnanoko tachi wa kuroi zubon o haite imasu - The girls are wearing black pants.

onnanohito tachi wa nani o kite imasu ka. aoi shatsu o kite imasu. - What are the women wearing? Blue shirts.
onnanohito tachi wa nani o kite imasu ka. shiroi shatsu o kite imasu. - What are the women wearing? White shirts.
kono tabemono wa nan desu ka. ichigo desu. - What is this food? A strawberry.
kono tabemono wa nan desu ka. pan desu - What is this food? Bread.

END UNIT 1! Yatta!!

Unit 1, Lessons 7-9

Unit 1, Lesson 7

(-ka at the end of a sentence denotes the inquisitive; specifically, it changes the statement into a question) Hai = Yes. Iie = No.
(Also, literally a lot of these are things like "is fish white" but I added "that" for my ease of reading. The word for "that" appears later on)
sakana wa shiroi desu ka. Hai, shiroi desu. - Is that fish white? Yes, white.
kuruma wa shiroi desu ka. Hai, shiroi desu. - Is that car white? Yes, white
kuruma wa akai desu ka. Hai, akai desu. - Is that car red? Yes, red.
tori wa akai desu ka. Hai, akai desu. - Is that bird red? Yes, red.
hikooki wa shiroi desu ka. Hai, shiroi desu. - Is that plane white? Yes, white.
hikooki wa shiroi desu ka. iie, kiiroi desu. - Is that plane white? No, yellow.
kuruma wa kiiroi desu ka. iie, shiroi desu. - Is that car yellow? No, white.
kuruma wa kiiroi desu ka. hai, kiiroi desu. - Is that car yellow? Yes, yellow.

"arimasen" implies a negative, or can be used to inquire to the negative
sono = "that"
kuruma wa akai desu ka. iie, sono kuruma wa akaku wa arimasen. sono kuruma wa kiiroi desu. - Is that car red? No, that car is not red. That car is yellow.
kuruma wa shiroi desu ka. hai, shiroi desu. - Is that car white? Yes, white.
kuruma wa shiroi desu ka. iie, sono kuruma wa shiroku wa arimasen. sono kuruma wa aoi desu. - Is that car white? No, that car is not white. That car is blue.

kuruma wa aoi desu ka. hai, aoi desu. - Is that car blue? Yes, blue.
kuruma wa aoi desu ka. iie, aoku wa arimasen. kiiroi desu. - Is that car blue? No, not blue. Yellow.
neko wa shiroi desu ka. iie, shiroku wa arimasen. kuroi desu. - Is that car white? No, not white. Black.
kuruma wa kuroi desu ka. iie, sono kuruma wa kuroku wa arimasen. sono kuruma wa pinku desu. - Is that car black? No, that car is not black. That car is pink.

midori no kuruma wa furoi desu ka. hai, midori no kuruma wa furui desu. - Is that green car old? Yes, that green car is old.
pinku no kuruma wa atarashii desu ka. iie, atarashii wa arimasen. - Is that pink car new? No, not new.
kuroi kuruma wa furui desu ka. iie, furuku wa arimasen. atarashii desu. - Is the black car old? No, not old. New.
akai kuruma wa furui desu ka. iie, furuku wa arimasen. - Is the red car old? No, not old.

Kono = "this". ie = "house". ue (in this case) = above / over / on top of / up / upper part
"imasen" is a shortened version of "arimasen" and will mean the same thing. It changes depending on use.
kuruma wa furui desu ka. hai, furui desu. - Is the car old? Yes, old.
kuruma wa furui desu ka. iie, furuku wa arimasen. - Is the car old? No, not old.
kono ie no ue ni otokonohito ga imasu ka. hai, imasu. - Is this man on top of the house? Yes.
kono ie no ue ni otokonohito ga imasu ka. iie, imasen. - Is this man on top of the house? No.

onnanohito wa hashitte imasu ka. hai, hashitte imasu. - Is the woman running? Yes, running.
onnanohito wa hashitte imasu ka. iie, hashitte imasen. - Is the woman running? No, not running.
onnanohito tachi wa hashitte imasu ka. hai, hashitte imasu. - Are the women running? Yes, running.
onnanohito tachi wa hashitte imasu ka. iie, hashitte imasen. - Are the women running? No, not running.

otokonoko wa tonde imasu ka. hai, tonde imasu. - Is the boy jumping? Yes, jumping.
otokonoko tachi wa tonde imasu ka. hai, tonde imasu. Are the boys jumping? Yes, jumping.
otokonoko wa tonde imase ka. iie, tonde imasen. - Is the boy jumping? No, not jumping.
otokonoko tachi wa tonde imasu ka. iie, tonde imasen. - Are the boys jumping. No, not jumping.

onnanohito wa suwatte imasu ka. hai, suwatte imasu. - Is the woman sitting? Yes, sitting.
onnanohito tachi wa suwatte imasu ka. iie, suwatte imasen. - Are the women sitting? No, not sitting.
onnanohito tachi wa suwatte imasu ka. hai, suwatte imasu. - Are the women sitting? Yes, sitting.
onnanohito wa suwatte imasu ka. iie, suwatte imasen. - Is the woman sitting? No, not sitting.

kare = he / boyfriend (in this example, "he"). kanojo = "she", but also girlfriend/sweetheard in other uses.
tabete = eat/eating
kare wa tabete imasu ka. hai, tabete imasu. - Is he eating? Yes, eating.
kanojo wa tabete imasu ka. hai, tabete imasu. - Is she eating? Yes, eating.
kare wa tabete imasu ka. iie, tabete imasen. - Is he eating? No, not eating.
kanojo wa tabete imasu ka. iie, tabete imasen. - Is she eating? No, not eating.

Unit 1, Lesson 8

kudamono = fruit
gyuunyuu = (cow's) milk
niku = meat
pan = bread
nonde = drink
mizu = water
ninjin = carrot / ginseng

otokonohito wa tabete imasu - The man is eating
otokonohito wa nonde imasu - The man is drinking
onnanohito wa tabete imasu - The woman is eating
onnanohito wa nonde imasu - The woman is drinking

onnanohito to onnanoko wa gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - The woman and girl are drinking milk.
otokonohito wa mizu o nonde imasu - The man is drinking water.
onnanoko wa gyuunyuu o nonde imasu - The girl is drinking milk.
onnanohito wa gyuunyuu o nonde imase - The woman is drinking milk.

otokonoko wa pan o tabete imasu. - The boy is eating bread.
uma wa ninjin o tabete imasu - The horse is eating a carrot
otokonohito wa tabete imasu - The man is eating
otokonohito wa nonde imasu - The man is drinking

otokonohito wa orenjijuusu o nonde imasu. - The man is drinking orange juice
otokonohito wa gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - The man is drinking milk
otokonohito wa mizu o nonde imase - The man is drinking water
otokonoko wa pan o tabete ite, onnanoko wa gyuunyuu o nonde imasu. - The boy is eating bread and the girl is drinking milk.

kiiroi banana - Yellow banana
midori no ringo to akai ringo - Green apple and red apple
akai tomato - red tomato
kiiroi chiizu - yellow cheese

akai ichigo - red strawberry
akai budoo - red grape
midori no nashi - green pear (nashi = (Japanese) pear)
kiiroi ringo - yellow apple

ichigo wa tabemono desu - The strawberry is food (tabemono = food)
pan wa tabemono desu - The bread is food
booru wa tabemono dewa arimasen - The ball is not food
booshi wa tabemono dewa arimasen - The hat is not food (booshi = hat)

kago = basket. naka = inside. fukuro = bag. hako = box.
kago no naka ni aru banana - Banana inside a basket
fukuro no naka ni aru pan - Bread inside a bag
hako no naka ni aru ringo - Apple inside a box
kago no naka ni aru tomato - Tomato inside a basket

tabemono no notta teeburu - Food on a table? Or maybe "A table with food"
tabemono no notta inai teeburu - Food not on a table? Or maybe "A table without food"
tabemono no notta sara - Food on a plate? Or maybe "A plate with food"
tabemono no notta inai sara - Food not on a place? Or maybe "A plate without food"

Unit 1, Lesson 9

Takusan = Many/A Lot/Much
shiroi booshi - White hat
kuroi booshi - black hat
takusan no kuroi booshi - Many black hats
takusan no shiroi booshi - many white hats

kuroi booshi to chairo no booshi - black hat and brown hat
ikutsuka no haiiro no booshi - a few grey hats
murasakiiro no booshi - purple hat
shiroi booshi - white hat

For this section, I cannot figure out what "o kite", "o kabutte", "o haite" mean. I think they are different ways of saying they are wearing something. If I'm right, "o kite" is referring to the item worn on the upper torso, "o haite" worn on the legs, and "o kabutte" worn on the head. "kabuto" can refer to a headpiece, so it makes sense.
onnanoko wa shiroi shatsu o kite imasu - The girl is (wearing?) a white shirt
onnanohito wa aoi shatsu o kite imasu - The woman is (wearing?) a blue shirt
onnanohito wa shiroi shatsu o kite imasu - The woman is (wearing) a white shirt
onnanohito wa kuroi booshi o kabutte imasu - The woman is (wearing) a black hat

koi = thick (as of color, liquid) / dense / strong.
otokonohito wa shiroi zubon o haite imasu - The man is (wearing?) white pants
otokonohito tachi wa aoi jiinzu o haite imasu - The men are (wearing?) blue jeans
otokonohito tachi wa koi iro no shatsu o kite, koi iro no zubon o haite imasu. - The men are wearing thick shirts and thick pants. (not sure where "iro" fits in on this one)
onnanohito wa shiroi shatsu o kite, aoi jiinzu o haite imasu - The woman is wearing a white shirt and blue jeans

kooto = coat. reinkooto = raincoat.
onnanohito wa kooto o kite imasen - The woman is not (wearing?) a coat
hitori no onnanohito wa akai reinkooto o kiteite, moo hitori no onnanohito wa murasakiiro no reinkooto o kite imasu. - One woman is (wearing?) a red raincoat, and one woman is (wearing?) a purple raincoat. (YEESH!)
hitori no onnanohito wa kiiroi reinkooto o kiteite, moo hitori no onnanohito wa aoi reinkooto o kite imasu - One woman is wearing a yellow raincoat, and one woman is wearing a blue raincoat.
onnanohito wa kuroi kooto o kite imasu - The woman is wearing a black coat

hitori no otokonoko wa aoi shatsu o kiteite, moo hitori no otokonoko wa akai shatsu o kite imasu - One boy is wearing a blue shirt, and one boy is wearing a red shirt.
onnanohito wa futari tomo aoi shatsu o kite imasu - The women are wearing blue shirts
onnanohito wa shiroi shatsu o kite, kuroi sakaato o haite imasu - The woman is wearing a white shirt and a black skirt.
onnanohito wa shiroi shatsu o kite, aoi jiinzu o haite imasu - The woman is wearing a white shirt, blue jeans.

mizugi = bathing suit. megane = glasses
otokonohito to onnanohito wa mizugi o kite imasu - The man and woman are wearing bathing suits.
otokonohito to onnanohito wa mizugi o kite imasen - The man and woman are not wearing bathing suits.
onnanohito wa megane o kakete imasu - The woman is wearing glasses.
onnanohito wa megane o kakete imasen - The woman is not wearing glasses.

Kutsu = shoes/footwear. katahou = one side. dake = only. issoku = a pair (footwear)
onnanoko wa kutsu o katahou dake haite imasu - The girl is wearing shoes on one side only. (The girl is wearing one shoe)
onnanoko wa kutsu o issoku haite imasu - The girl is wearing a pair of shoes.
otokonoko wa booshi o hitotsu kabutte imasu - The boy is wearing a hat (just thought maybe it's "The boy is wearing a hat on his head"?)
otokonohito wa booshi o futatsu kabutte imasu - The man is wearing two hats (on his head?)

Wampiisu = dress??? (I think...we'll see)
onnanoko tachi wa shiroi shatsu o kite, kuroi sukaato o haite imasu - The girls are wearing white shirts, black shirts.
hitori no onnanoko wa shiroi wampiisu o kite ite, moo hitori no onnanoko wa aka to shiro no wampiisu o kite imasu - One girl is wearing a white dress, and one girl is wearing a red and white dress.
onnanoko tachi wa wampiisu o kite booshi o kabutte imasu - The girls are wearing dresses and hats.
onnanoko tachi wa kuroi zubon o haite imasu - The girls are wearing black pants

Kutsu or Kutsushita = Socks
onnanoko wa kutsushita o haite imasen - The girl is not wearing socks
onnanoko wa shiroi kutsushita o haite imasu - The girl is wearing white socks
otokonoko wa kutsu o haite imasen - The boy is not wearing socks
otokonoka wa kutsu o haite imasu - The boy is wearing socks

Unit 1, Lessons 4-6

Unit 1, Lesson 4

1 = ichi
2 = ni
3 = san
4 = yon
5 = go
6 = roku
7 = nana
8 = hachi
9 = kyuu
10 = juu
0 = zero
5-6 = go to roku, etc.
3, 3, 3 = san, san, san, etc.

Unit 1, Lesson 5

hitori = alone, one person. Tachi after a proper pronoun designates it as a plural.
hitori no onnanoko - One girl
onnanoko tachi - Girls
hitori no otokonoko - One boy
otokonoko tachi - Boys

hana = flower, ippon = one long thing, nambonka = ?? (Many?)
ippon no hana - One flower
nambonka no hana - Many (?) flowers?

me = eye (or sprout, depending on use), hitotsu = one, futatsu = two
hitotsu no me - One eye
futatsu no me - Two eyes

hitori no onnanohito - One woman
onnanohito tachi - Women
hitori no otokonohito - One man
otokonohito tachi - Men

Kodomo = Child/Children, ippiki = one (small) animal, one animal, two-tan bolt of cloth (hehe)
hitori no kodomo - One child
kodomo tachi - Children
ippiki inu - One dog
nambikika no inu - Dogs

akachan = baby/infant. tamago = egg(s), spawn, roe. ikutsuka = "a few"
hitori no akachan = One baby
akachan tachi = Babies
hitotsu no tamago = One egg
ikutsuka no tamago = A few eggs

tobikonde = "jump in".
otokonoka ga tonde imasu - The boy is jumping/flying
otokonoka tachi ga tobikonde imasu - The boys jumping in
onnanoko ga hashitte imasu - The running girl
Onnanoko tachi ga hashitte imasu - The running girls

otokonohito ga odotte imasu - The man dancing
otokonohito tachi ga odotte imasu - The men dancing
onnanohito ga utatte imasu - The woman singing
onnanohito tachi ga utatte imasu - The women singing

jitensha = bicycle.
jitensha ni notte iru otokonoko - A boy riding (?) a bicycle
jitensha ni notte iru otokonohito tachi - Men riding (?) bicycles
tori ga tonde imasu - A bird flying
nanwaka no tori ga tonde imasu - Many (?) birds flying

kodomo wa suwatte imasu - A child sitting(?)
kodomo tachi wa suwatte imasu - Children sitting(?)
ichidai no jitensha - One bicycle
nandaika no jitensha - Many bicycles? Bicycles?

uma wa aruite imasu - A walking horse
nantooka no uma wa aruite imasu - Many (?) horses walking
kuruma wa shiroi desu - A white car
sorera no kuruma wa shiroi desu - Those white cars (over there)

Words I have/had problems with:

Nantooka = Many? Two?
Ichidai = One vehicle/machine
Nindaika = Many machines?
The above three words actually mean the same things, but different. Here's what my friend had to say:
"those are different counters. "nanbonka no hana" means "a number of flowers". so you're getting into the counters... fucking pain in the ass those are. there are different ways of counting small things, machines, different animals, long/thin things, books/magazines, clothes, socks, EVERYTHING. it BLOWS."
ni notte = Roughly translates as "to ride on a ~". "Ni" is a particle that's generally used like on or to, notte is the command form of "noru" which means to ride (and the command form is used in a lot more instances than just giving commands)
Some examples:"
densha ni noru" = take/ride on a train
"takushii ni noru" = take a taxi
"jintensha ni noru" = ride a bike
"uma ni noru" = ride a horse
Suwatte = Sit/Sitting

Unit 1, Lesson 6

ootobai = Motorcycle (autobike).
onnanoko ga hitori uma notte imasu - One girl riding a horse
otokonohito ga futari uma ni notte imasu - Two men riding horses
otokonohito ga hitori ootobai ni notte imasu - One man riding? the motorcycle
otokonoko ga futari tobikonde imasu - Two boys jumping in

yonin = four people. yonko = four objects?
onnanoko ga hitori tobiorite imasu - One girl jumping off
onnanoko ga futari tobiorite imasu - Twi girls jumping off
yonin no kodomo tachi - Four children (yonin (4) kodomo-tachi (children))
yonko no booru - Four balls

Bangoo (or bangou) = Number or series of digits
Bangoo wa san desu - The number 3
bangoo wa yon desu - The number 4
bangoo wa ichi desu - The number 1
bangoo wa ni desu - The number 2
bangoo wa go desu - The number 5
bangoo wa roku desu - The number 6

jikoku = instant/time/moment.
jikoku wa niji desu - The time is 2 (o clock)
jikoku wa yoji desu - The time is 4
jikoku wa rokuji desu - The time is 6
jikoku wa sanji desu - The time is 3

mada = window. mittsu = three (objects?)
hitotsu no mado - One window
mittsu no mado - Three windows
yottsu no mado - Four windows
itsutsu no mado - Five windows

ichimai = one thin/flat object/one sheet. sara = plate/dish
ichimai no aoi sara - One blue plate
ichimai no kiiroi sara - One yellow plate
sara ga nimai arimasu. ichimai wa kiiro kute, ichimai wa aoi desu - Two plates. One is yellow, one is blue.
sara ga sammai arimasu. ichimai wa orenjiiro de, ichimai wa ao kute, ichimai wa kiiroi desu - Three plates. One is orange, one is blue, one is yellow.
ichimai no sara - One plate
nimai no sara - Two plates
sammai no sara - Three plates
juumai no sara - Four plates

juppon = ten (long cylindrical things). Yupi = fingers
juppon no yubi - Ten fingers
juugohon no yubi - Fifteen fingers
nijuppon no yubi - Twenty fingers
sanjuppon no yubi - Thirty fingers

jikoku wa yoji desu - The time is 4
jikoku wa goji desu - The time is 5
jikoku wa rokuji desu - The time is 6
jikoku wa shichiji desu - The time is 7

Some badly drawn kanji

Yup

Unit 1 Lessons 1-3

Unit 1, Lesson 1 (What I think they mean?)

onnanoko - girl
otokonoko - boy
inu - dog
neko - cat
kuruma - car
hikooki - plane
otokonohito - man
onnanohito - woman
booru - ball
uma - horse
zoo - elephant
neko to kuruma - cat and car
onnanoko to onnanohito - younger/older women
otokonohito to onnanohito - man and woman
otokonohito to otokonoko - Man and boy
otokonoko to inu - boy and dog
otokonoko to hikooki - boy and plane
onnanoko to uma - girl and horse
onnanoko to inu - girl and dog
uma ni notte iru onnanoko - girl on a horse
uma ni notte iru otokonohito - man on a horse
otokonoko no ue ni aru booru - Ball on top of a boy
uma ni notte iru otokonoko - boy on a horse
hikooki no shita ni iru otokonoko - boy under a plane (plane above a boy?)
booru no shita ni iru otokonoko - boy under a ball (ball above a boy?)
teeburu no shita ni iru otokonoko - boy under a table (table above a boy?)
hikooki no ue ni iru otokonoko - boy on a plane
teeburu no ue ni iru otokonoko - boy on a table
kuruma no naka ni iru onnanoko - girl in a car
kuruma no naka ni iru onnanohito - woman in a car
kuruma no naka ni iru otokonoko - boy in a car
booto no naka ni iru otokonoko to onnanoko - boy and girl in a boat
hikooki no naka ni iru otokonoko - boy in a plane

Unit 1, lesson 2 (What I think they mean)

(Imasu = polite/formal sentence ender, means the same as "iru")
otokonoko wa tonde imasu - The boy is jumping/flying. (tobu means both, but there are different kanji for jump and fly)
uma wa tobikoete imasu - The horse is jumping over (tobikoete is a composite verb made up of tobu and koeru)
onnanoko wa tobiorite imasu - The girl is jumping off (another composite verb of Toby and Oriru)
inu wa tobikoete imasu - The dog is jumping over.

(Hashitte = run)
otokonoko wa hashitte imasu - The boy is running
onnanohito wa hashitte imasu - The woman is running.
onnanoko wa hashitte imasu - The girl is running.
uma wa hashitte imasu - The horse is running
onnanohito wa tonde imasu - The woman is jumping/flying
onnanoko tachi wa hashitte imasu - The girls are running (the suffix "-tachi" makes the proper noun before it plural)
onnanoko tachi wa tobiorite imasu - The girls are jumping off
onnanoko tachi wa aruite imasu - The girls are walking
onnanoko tachi wa hashitte imasu - The girls are running
otokonoko wa tonde imasu - The boy is jumping
otokonoka wa aruite imasu - The boy is walking
otokonohito to onnanohito wa aruite imasu - The man/men and woman/women are walking (No plurals in Japanese! It can be confusing)
otokonohito to onnanohito wa odotte imasu - The man/men and woman/women are dancing
onnanohito wa aruite imasu - The woman is walking
onnanohito wa odotte imasu - The woman is dancing
otokonohito wa hon o yonde imasu - The man is reading a book
onnanohito wa hon o yonde imasu - The woman is reading a book
otokonohito wa odotte imasu - The man is dancing
onnanohito wa tonde imasu - The woman is jumping/flying
otokonohito wa otokonoko o oikakete imasu - The man is following/chasing the boy (oikaker = follow or chase)
otokonohito wa suberi ochite imasu - The man is slipping down (this can be used for skiing/snowboarding or going down a slide and whatnot)
otokonoko wa koronde imasu - The boy is tripping/falling
onnanoko tachi wa otokonoko o oikakete imasu - The girls are following/chasing the boy
hikooki wa tonde imasu - The plane is flying
otokonohito wa hashitte imasu - The man is running
otokonohito wa tonde imasu - The man is jumping/flying
otokonohito wa suberi ochite imasu - The man is slipping down

(oyoide = swim)
onnanohito wa oyoide imasu - The woman is swimming
otokonoko wa oyoide imasu - The boy is swimming
sakana wa oyoide imasu - The fish is swimming (Sakana = Fish)
tori wa tonde imasu - The bird is flying (Tori = Bird)
oushi wa hashitte imasu - The cow(?) is running (ushi = cow, oushi may be an effeminate version)
tori wa oyoide imasu - The bird is swimming.

Definitions:
Odotte = Dance, base form is "odoru"
Aruite = Walk, base form is "Aruku"
Hon o Yonde = Read a book (hon=book)
tonde = Jump or fly are pronounced the same, but different kanji are used
koronde = to trip or fall, base form is "korobu"
oikakete = Follow or Chase
hashitte = Sprint or run, base form is "hashiru"
tobiorite = Jump off. From "Tobu" and "oririru"
tobikoete = Jump over. "Tobu" and "Koeru"

Unit 1, Lesson 3

sakana wa shiroi desu - a white fish
kuruma wa shiroi desu - a white car
kuruma wa akai desu - a red car
tori wa akai desu - a red bird
hikooki wa shiroi desu - a white plane
hikooki wa kiiroi desu - a yellow plane
kuruma wa kiiroi desu - a yellow car
kuruma wa aoi desu - a blue car
neko wa kuroi desu - a black cat
kuruma wa kuroi desu - a black car
kiiroi kuruma wa furui desu - an old car that is yellow
pinku no kuruma wa furui desu - an old car that is pink
aoi kuruma wa atarashii desu - a new car that is blue
akai kuruma wa atarashii desu - a new car that is red
furui kuruma - old car
atarashii kuruma - new car
furui ie - old house
atarashii ie - new house
toshio totta onnanohito - elderly (?) woman
wakai onnanohito - young woman
toshio totta otokonohito - elderly (?) man
wakai otokonohito - young man
toshio totta onnanohito wa kami ga shiroi desu - an elderly woman with white hair
onnanoko wa kami ga kuroi desu - a girl with black hair
otokonohito wa kami ga aoi desu - a man with blue hair
otokonohito wa kami ga akai desu - a man with red hair
onnanohito wa kami ga nagai desu - a woman with long hair
otokonohito wa kami ga nagai desu - a man with long hair
onnanohito wa kami ga mijikai desu - a woman with short hair
otokonohito wa kami ga totemo mijikai desu - a man with very short hair.

Mijikai = Short
Nagai = Long
totemo mijikai = very/exceedingly short
kami = hair